The papersWhat the research on each ingredient actually found
Grouped by ingredient. Every entry names the researchers, says who funded the work where we could establish it, and links straight to the paper so you can check us.
Iron · where the guidance sitsEvidence-based and expert consensus recommendations on oral iron management
An international consensus panel concluded that there is insufficient evidence to prefer any one oral iron formulation over another, and that outcomes depend more on the amount of elemental iron than on the type of preparation. We start here because it sets the ceiling on what anyone selling iron can honestly claim, including us.
Benson AE and colleagues · The Lancet Haematology, 2025;12:e376–e388 · expert consensus statement · PMID 40306833 · funder not identified in the published record
· Read the paper
Iron · dose and tolerabilityFerrous bisglycinate at 25 mg compared with ferrous sulfate at 50 mg in pregnancy
In 80 pregnant women, 25 mg of elemental iron as bisglycinate performed as well as 50 mg as sulfate, and the bisglycinate group reported fewer gastrointestinal complaints. Read it carefully, though: the two groups received different amounts of iron, so the trial cannot separate the form from the dose.
Milman N, Jønsson L, Dyre P and colleagues · Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2014;42(2):197–206 · randomised, double-blind, n=80 · PMID 24152889 · funder not identified in the published abstract
· Read the paper
Iron · pooled evidenceOral ferrous bisglycinate and haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Seventeen randomised trials, 2,191 participants. Haemoglobin outcomes favoured bisglycinate in pregnancy; ferritin outcomes were not statistically significant, and in children both outcomes were null. In nearly every included trial the bisglycinate group received far less elemental iron than the comparator, so the pooled result is largely a comparison of doses rather than of forms.
Fischer JAJ, Cherian AM, Bone JN and Karakochuk CD, University of British Columbia · Nutrition Reviews, 2023;81(8):904–920 · 17 randomised trials, n=2,191 · PMID 36728680
· Read the paper
Iron · how it is taken upIron bis-glycine chelate competes for the non-haem iron absorption pathway
Radioisotope studies in 85 women showed that iron from bisglycinate joins the body's ordinary non-haem iron pool and is regulated by your iron status just as any other iron salt is. This is why we make no claim about a special or separate absorption route — the evidence says there isn't one.
Pizarro F, Olivares M, Hertrampf E and colleagues · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002;76(3):577–581 · radioisotope absorption studies, n=85 · PMID 12198002 · funder not identified in the published abstract
· Read the paper
Iron · tea and coffeeIron bioavailability from breakfasts enriched with iron bis-glycine chelate, phytates and polyphenols
Across five absorption experiments in 74 adults, espresso coffee and tea each roughly halved the absorption of iron from bisglycinate. Degrading phytate raised it by about two thirds, so bisglycinate is partly — not completely — shielded from phytate. There was no ferrous sulfate arm in the coffee and tea experiment, so it cannot show that bisglycinate fares better than other forms.
Layrisse M, García-Casal MN, Solano L and colleagues · Journal of Nutrition, 2000;130(9):2195–2199 · radioisotope absorption studies, n=74 · funder not identified in the published record
· Read the paper
Culture · tolerating oral ironGastrointestinal tolerance and iron status when a probiotic is added to oral iron replacement
295 people starting oral iron, half of them also taking LP299v at 10 billion CFU for the first 30 days. Reported gastrointestinal intolerance was 13.0% with the culture against 46.5% without, and 3.6% stopped taking their iron within 30 days against 15.9%. The authors declared no funding and no conflicts, which makes this the only independent trial of its size. It was not blinded and had no placebo group — the weakest design for an outcome people self-report — so treat it as promising rather than settled.
Koker G, Sahinturk Y, Ozcelik Koker G and colleagues · British Journal of Nutrition, 2024;132(10):1308–1316 · randomised, unblinded, no placebo, n=295 · trial registration NCT06521879 · the authors state they received no support from any organisation
· Read the paper
Culture · the negative resultFreeze-dried lactobacilli did not increase iron absorption from a fermented meal in healthy young women
The only double-blind isotope study of this strain, using the freeze-dried form that a capsule actually contains, in a deliberately difficult high-phytate meal. Iron absorption was 1.4% with the culture and 1.3% without — no difference. It is on this page because it is the study that most directly tests what our capsule does, and it found nothing.
Bering S, Sjøltov L, Wrisberg SS and colleagues · British Journal of Nutrition, 2007;98(5):991–997 · randomised, double-blind, crossover, n=18 · co-authors employed by Probi AB, which owns the strain
· Read the paper
Culture · pooled evidenceThe effects of probiotic species on iron absorption and iron status: a systematic review and meta-analysis
An independent review with no author conflicts. Pooling eight LP299v absorption studies, it found a moderate effect on the fraction of iron absorbed — but no significant improvement in ferritin or haemoglobin. Put plainly: this strain may nudge absorption, and it has not been shown to change anyone's iron status.
Vonderheid SC, Tussing-Humphreys L, Park C and colleagues · Nutrients, 2019;11(12):2938 · systematic review, 15 studies, N=950 · PMID 31816981 · funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the National Institutes of Health
· Read the paper
Vitamin C · the basis for itEffect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from different types of meals
The foundational work. Across 299 subjects, ascorbic acid improved non-haem iron absorption by countering the inhibitory effect of phytates and tannins, with around 50 mg per main meal identified as desirable for the effect. This is the reason vitamin C is in the formula at all.
Hallberg L, Brune M and Rossander L · Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 1986;40(2):97–113 · radio-iron absorption studies, n=299 · PMID 3700141 · funder not identified in the published record
· Read the paper
Vitamin C · and the limit of itVitamin C alongside oral iron: a randomised equivalence trial
440 adults, randomised to oral iron with or without 200 mg of vitamin C three times a day. Haemoglobin recovery was equivalent, and the authors concluded that vitamin C supplements are not essential alongside oral iron. A 2023 meta-analysis of seven trials reached the same non-significant result. So vitamin C is in atomera because the absorption rationale is sound and it means one fewer tablet — not because it has been shown to change an outcome.
Li N, Zhao G, Wu W and colleagues · JAMA Network Open, 2020;3(11):e2023644 · randomised, open-label equivalence trial, n=440 · PMID 33136134 · trial registration NCT02631668 · funder not identified in the published abstract
· Read the paper
References
Headings above are our plain-English descriptions rather than full paper titles; each citation identifies the work precisely, and every entry links to the source.
Two notes on the record. One trial included in the Fischer 2023 meta-analysis (Abbas and colleagues, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2019) has since been retracted, and the meta-analysis has not been corrected — so its pregnancy figures include data that has since been withdrawn. And where we say a funder is not identified, we mean we could not establish it from the published record, not that there wasn't one.
Australian nutrient reference values quoted on this site come from the NHMRC Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand.
Research on individual ingredients does not establish an effect for this finished product. atomera is not for the treatment of iron deficiency conditions. ALWAYS READ THE LABEL AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS FOR USE. If you are unsure whether an iron supplement is right for you, speak to your doctor first.